Bronchial Health and Disease Patterns in Baghdad's School-Age Population: A 2024 Study of 5-15 Year Olds Children

Abstract

Background

Bronchial conditions, particularly asthma, are a growing public health concern globally and regionally, with significant implications for childhood health and well-being. In Iraq and other Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries, the prevalence of asthma has been rising due to factors such as urbanization, environmental pollution, and genetic predisposition. Despite this, data on the epidemiology and risk factors for bronchial conditions among school-age children in Baghdad remains limited. This study aims to investigate the characteristics, prevalence, and risk factors of bronchial conditions in this population, with a focus on improving early detection and management.

Methodology 

A cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted at four outpatient clinics in major hospitals in Baghdad. A total of 145 children aged 5-15 years were approached, with 100 meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and medical record reviews, including demographic information, family history, environmental exposures, bronchial symptoms, and treatment practices. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the prevalence and associated risk factors, while chi-square tests were employed to assess the relationship between variables.

Results

Most children affected by bronchial conditions were aged 5-10 years 61% and enrolled in primary school 72% . A significant proportion of children 82% had a familial history of asthma, and 70% lived in urban areas. The most common conditions were asthma 38% and bronchitis 34%, with high rates of recurrent respiratory symptoms such as coughing 76% and shortness of breath 78% over the past year. Environmental factors, including proximity to busy roads 90% and bronchiolitis as an early childhood infection 43% were prominent risk factors. Only 33% of children were diagnosed by pediatric specialists, raising concerns about access to specialized care.

Conclusions

This study highlights the significant burden of bronchial conditions, particularly asthma, among school-age children in Baghdad, with strong links to genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. The findings underscore the need for enhanced screening, early diagnosis, and targeted public health interventions in schools and communities. Addressing environmental triggers and improving access to specialized care is critical to reducing the impact of bronchial diseases on children's health and quality of life in Baghdad and across the EMR.