Mesopotamian Journal of Quran Studies! Our platform invites researchers and scholars in Quranic studies to share original research on interpretations, historical perspectives, language analysis, and the Quran's influence on ethics, literature, law, and more. Rigorous peer-review ensures academic excellence. Join us in exploring the Quran's significance. Stay tuned for our launch and contribute to this enlightening academic journey
Decoupling Unbelief and Killing in Islamic Thought
This paper examines the recurrent conflation between the Qur’anic-legal concept of kufr (unbelief) and the permissibility of killing, arguing that the linkage is conceptually and normatively false. Drawing on Qur’anic verses, authentic Prophetic traditions, and classical juristic discourse across the madhhabs, the study defines kufr linguistically and technically, distinguishes its major/minor manifestations, and classifies unbelief into original kufr and contingent kufr (apostasy). It demonstrates that criminal liability in Islamic law is tethered to specific, adjudicated causes—such as qiṣāṣ, ḥirābah, zinā by a muḥṣan, and apostasy after due process—and not to the mere status of unbelief. The paper further maps the legal statuses of non-Muslims—dhimmī, muʿāhad, mustaʾman, and pacific non-belligerent—underscoring their inviolability under covenantal protections, while delimiting combat to the ḥarbī after prior invitation and options. Methodologically, it stresses that takfīr and ḥudūd belong to state authority and the judiciary, not private actors, and that countering extremism requires conceptual clarity, education, and removal of shubuhāt (doubts), rather than erasing foundational terms. The conclusion calls for decoupling “kufr” from “killing,” restoring precise legal language, and reinforcing institutional due process as the legitimate locus of coercive power
Copyright (c) 2025 Ibrahem Shader Hamad AlSajri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Artificial Intelligence Ethics: Sharia Grounding and Applied Governance
This research aims to present a comprehensive framework for guiding Artificial Intelligence ethics from an Islamic perspective, addressing a pressing knowledge gap. The study adopted a qualitative, analytical, inductive, and deductive methodology, based on an in-depth analysis of Islamic legal texts, the overarching objectives of Islamic Sharia (Maqasid al-Sharia – preservation of religion, self, intellect, progeny, and wealth), and fundamental jurisprudential rules (Qawa'id Fiqhiyya, such as "harm must be eliminated" and "blocking the means to evil"). These principles were applied to contemporary AI issues, alongside a comparative study with global ethical frameworks to construct an applied governance framework. The results demonstrated the derivation of specific Sharia rulings and controls addressing critical challenges such as algorithmic justice, digital privacy, responsibility and accountability, transparency, intellectual property, and digital fraud. The study highlighted significant convergence between the Islamic framework and global frameworks on core principles like justice and transparency. It also underscored the distinctiveness of the Islamic approach through its deeper metaphysical and ethical grounding, focusing on concepts of stewardship, the spiritual dimension, comprehensive public interest, prevention of harm, and the flexibility of Islamic jurisprudence. The study's limitations include the rapid evolution of AI, necessitating continuous updates, and the complexities of applying ethical principles to autonomous systems, requiring further detailed research into accountability and transparency mechanisms
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmait Hamit Oglu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Islamophobia: Causes, Effects, and Remedies
This document addresses the complex phenomenon of Islamophobia, highlighting its historical, political, economic, social, and cultural roots. It identifies the main outcomes of this phenomenon in the erroneous association between Islam and terrorism following the events of September 11, which is fueled by populist political and media discourses portraying Muslims as the “foreign other” and a threat. Factors such as economic stagnation and historical legacies also contribute to shaping negative perceptions. The document reveals the serious consequences resulting from Islamophobia, including institutional and structural discrimination that hinders the social and economic integration of Muslims, leads to their marginalization, and threatens peaceful coexistence. It also highlights the role of misinformation in deepening tensions and discrimination. To confront this phenomenon, the document outlines various solutions starting with academic approaches to understanding its roots and dismantling stereotypes. It presents practical strategies that include awareness-raising, education, legislation, alliance-building, and media engagement. From an Islamic perspective, the response is based on principles of justice, compassion, dialogue, and peaceful advocacy for rights. Nevertheless, the document notes that challenges remain due to the complexity and evolving nature of the phenomenon, and the need to move beyond oversimplified explanatory models
Copyright (c) 2025 Younus Al Fayyadh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Islamic Endowment (Waqf) and Its Role in Humanitarian Relief
This study examines the Islamic waqf (endowment) as a long-standing religious, social, and economic institution whose impact has endured from the Prophet’s era through the Umayyad, Abbasid, Mamluk, and Ottoman periods. It defines waqf linguistically and juridically, establishes its legitimacy from the Qur’an, Sunnah, and scholarly consensus, and classifies it into family and charitable types, as well as immovable and movable forms. The paper highlights the distinctive features of waqf—perpetual benefit and flexible conditions within Sharīʿa limits—and foregrounds its humanitarian role: caring for orphans via schools and shelters, supporting the poor and needy with food, clothing, and debt relief, hosting travelers and the elderly through zāwiyas and ribāts, and founding bīmāristāns that delivered free healthcare, medical training, and post-discharge support. The analysis traces broad social outcomes, including strengthened solidarity, wealth redistribution, enhanced social belonging, and sustained knowledge mobility across the Islamic world. The study also diagnoses contemporary decline due to weak governance, corruption, and bureaucratic inertia, and proposes actionable reforms: reviving a culture of endowment, repurposing certain assets to meet current needs (orphans, seniors), adopting modern, transparent management practices, and leveraging responsive juristic opinions while safeguarding core religious principles.
Copyright (c) 2025 Saadi Khalaf Mutalib Al-Jumaili, Ilm Al-Din Abdullah Abd Al-Fahdawi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Companies and Their Types in Islamic Jurisprudence
The topic of this research was "Companies and Their Types in Islamic Jurisprudence." Given its significant impact on jurisprudential and economic application, I attempted to clarify some types of companies and their definitions according to jurists and linguists, as well as the legal rulings and limitations of these companies according to the economic approach of Islamic jurisprudence. This is the effort of a modest person. We ask Allah to forgive us for any errors and grant us the grace of righteousness. I seek forgiveness from Allah Almighty first and last ... and all praise is due to Allah, Lord of the Worlds.
Copyright (c) 2025 Salim Hussein Al-Shammari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Jurisprudential Principles Governing the Discretionary Punishment of Ideological Offenses: Between Maqāṣid (Objectives of Sharia) and Maʾālāt (Consequences)
This study presents an analytical jurisprudential examination of the legal parameters governing the discretionary punishment (taʿzīr) of ideologically driven offenses, in light of the higher objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿa) and the jurisprudence of consequences (fiqh al-maʾālāt). It explores the foundational juristic and legal principles that regulate the authority of the ruler or judge in determining appropriate penalties for intellectual crimes that lack a prescribed ḥadd punishment. The study addresses the complex issue of balancing the protection of doctrinal and societal security with the safeguarding of freedom of expression and independent reasoning (ijtihād). It reviews key categories of intellectual offenses, such as unwarranted takfīr (accusation of disbelief), sectarian incitement, propagation of innovations (bidʿa), and organized theological deviation. The researchers employed an inductive-analytical methodology, drawing upon scriptural texts and the legal opinions of scholars across various Islamic schools of thought. These sources were then analyzed in accordance with the principles of maqāṣid and maʾālāt, and compared with historical precedents and contemporary legal models, both in the Islamic world and the West. The study concludes that intellectual penalties must be bound by a set of jurisprudential constraints, including proportionality, consideration of the offender’s circumstances, public interest, and anticipated outcomes. It also emphasizes the necessity of involving qualified scholars in assessing doctrinal deviation. Furthermore, the research advocates for codifying contemporary intellectual offenses within a comprehensive fiqh-based legal framework that accounts for the nature and risks of the digital age.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Nozari Ferdowsiyeh, Murtadha Al-Rubaie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Interpretative Perspectives on the Content of Selected Verses of Al-I‘tisam: A Critical Analytical Study
In this study, I address several features of divine guidance by exploring the majesty of the Qur’an as manifested through the concept of al-iʿtiṣām (holding fast to God’s path). This analysis draws upon rhetorical, grammatical, exegetical, and theological dimensions that reveal the greatness of this divine Book—one which, regrettably, many Muslims today are unfamiliar with even in terms of proper recitation, let alone understanding its profound meanings and the verses that testify to the perfection of the Creator’s design. The term al-iʿtiṣām carries serious implications that warrant close attention, as understanding its true meaning is crucial for aligning one’s beliefs, speech, and actions with what is lawful in Islam. The concept of holding fast to God is not only significant, but essential, which led me to select the title of this study: “Exegetes’ Views on the Themes of Selected Verses on Holding Fast: An Analytical Study.” This research aims to shed light on key lessons derived from the Qur’an as the primary source, while supporting insights are drawn from the Sunnah. In pursuit of this goal, the study seeks to answer the following questions: What are the reasons behind holding fast? How did some of the prophets (peace be upon them) exemplify iʿtiṣām? What does iʿtiṣām look like among the general public? And what are the selected images and models of iʿtiṣām that provide guidance for Muslims today.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shahla’ Subeih Nassif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Idea of the Solitary in Philosophy (A Study of Selected Models) (Al-Farabi, Ibn Baja)
One of the ideas discussed in political philosophy by Muslim philosophers, especially Al-Farabi and Ibn Bajjah, is the idea of the "solitary one," due to the similarities in the circumstances and era that both philosophers lived in. There is a clear influence of Al-Farabi's philosophy on the ideas and opinions of Ibn Bajjah, particularly in his political philosophy, the management of cities, their classification, types, and names. The difference lies in each one's perspective on the solitary or the outcasts, whom Al-Farabi considered as destructive and detrimental to virtuous cities, while Ibn Bajjah regarded them as wise outsiders living in imperfect cities and striving to reform them, despite suffering in those cities due to the ignorant and those with corrupt opinions. Additionally, we find that the solitary, according to Ibn Bajjah, is the philosopher who has the potential to connect with the active intellect.
Copyright (c) 2025 أيسر عبد الرحمن محمد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effects of Disbelief between Contracts and Rhythms
This study explores the jurisprudential implications of disbelief (kufr) on Islamic legal contracts and enactments. It examines how both major and minor forms of disbelief impact the validity of transactions such as sales, leases, and marriages, as well as legal actions like divorce and manumission. By analyzing classical scholarly opinions and Islamic legal texts, the research differentiates between original disbelief and apostasy, and clarifies their respective legal consequences. The study also addresses the legitimacy of contracts executed by non-Muslims in Islamic and non-Islamic territories, offering a balanced jurisprudential perspective relevant to contemporary multi-faith societies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yusra Mohammed Ameen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Defects between spouses (a comparative jurisprudential study)
Praise be to Allah, Who is unique in perfection and is free from shortcomings, defects and bad qualities. Then prayers be upon the Prophet Muhammad, his companions and his family. And after. Allah the Almighty said (O mankind, fear Him who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many men and women.) Allah created people from male and female for the continuation of the human race until Allah inherits the earth and those on it. He made for this a strong bond, which is the legal contract of marriage. He took into account everything that would preserve the continuity of this great bond. Some congenital defects were found that disturb the serenity of this heavenly bond, including defects specific to men such as impotence, impotence, castration and intercourse. And defects specific to women such as atresia, horniness and hernia. There are defects shared by men and women, including insanity, leprosy, vitiligo, urinary incontinence, hemorrhoids, fistula and the like. Each defect has effects and rulings that result from it according to the requirements of Islamic law. Thus, Islam guarantees the rights of spouses.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Abdullah Saeed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Concept of Taqiyya According to the commentators
The term taqiyya was mentioned in many Quranic verses, hadiths and narrations. Opinions on this topic have varied and evidence has been diversified. In this study, we will try to clarify the aspects of the topic. This study begins with an introduction in which we clarify the definition of taqiyya in language and terminology, in addition to the Quranic verses in which the idea of taqiyya was mentioned. In the first section, we move on to discuss taqiyya in the books of interpretation and the opinions put forward by the interpreters through discussing the Quranic verses, in addition to discussing the most important controls of taqiyya as seen by scholars and interpreters. As for the second section, it revolves around the evidence presented by scholars and interpreters regarding the proof of taqiyya and its obligation, and the evidence presented by those who object to the idea of taqiyya. The study ends with a conclusion that includes the most important results, and a list of sources and references..
Copyright (c) 2025 Raad Abdullah Fayyadh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Criticism of the Avicenna Self-Consciousness in the Transcendental Wisdom of Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi
The current study is based on the hypothesis that the Islamic philosopher Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi (1572-1641 AD), known as Mulla Sadra, reconsidered all previous Islamic philosophical discussions related to the concepts of the self, consciousness, and self-awareness, especially the discussions presented by Avicenna. Therefore, the focus of this research was on presenting Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi's critical opinions related to the self and self-awareness after a brief and condensed presentation of Avicenna position and his detailed and precise discussions about the concept of self-awareness, in addition to his theory of knowledge and his vision about the formation of human identity through the accumulation of experience and cognitive unity between the self and the subject, which he presented on the basis of the approach with the philosophical vision of the relationship between matter and the traditional philosophical image known since Aristotle, which was common and prevalent among Muslim philosophers in general. This research included a quick and concise presentation of the heritage of the Transcendental Wisdom School, addressing the most important stages of Shirazi's spiritual and intellectual development and all the historical, social and political circumstances that accompanied the rise of his star as a philosopher, and then moving on to presenting his most important philosophical ideas about the human self, knowledge and reason and his own arguments about the immateriality of the soul, through which he presented a strict critique of Avicenna 's discussions and the opinions he presented in this regard. This study also addressed his most important ideas about the theory of knowledge and the cognitive capabilities of the human self that contribute to the progress and advancement of self-awareness, in addition to the influence of experience and its role in its formation and consolidation of the identity of the mind, a variable and unstable identity that is gradually formed through accumulation and ultimately contributes to defining a special qualitative identity that clearly emerges through the different patterns of thinking, which represents the peak of criticism and reconsideration in Shirazi, which distinguished him from all Muslim philosophers
Copyright (c) 2025 Ghaidaa Mohammed Hassan Abdul Razzaq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The cognitive and scientific method of Al-Ghazali
Science and work hold great significance in Islamic thought. Science is considered a means to understand the Islamic religion and its teachings. Islam encourages scientific research and the use of reason to comprehend the universe and the signs of God. Science is viewed as a tool for societal development and achieving social and economic progress. It is also seen as a way to attain piety by strengthening the relationship with God. Islam glorifies excellence in science, encourages the pursuit of justice, and emphasizes serving society through knowledge. As for work, in Islam, it encompasses all physical and mental activities performed with the aim of production and benefit, whether in this world or the hereafter. Work is considered an act of worship and obedience to God, contributing to the flourishing of life and the stability of society. Work is regarded as a form of striving (jihad) to seek sustenance and goodness, provided that one adheres to the limits and commands of God. This ensures a good life and strength for both the individual and the community
Copyright (c) 2024 Omar Saadi Abbas Al-Hayali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Jurisprudence of Difference and Its Impact on the Unity of the Islamic Ummah
This research deals with the concept of "jurisprudence of difference" in Islam and its impact on the unity of the Islamic nation, as this science is one of the most important tools for dealing with jurisprudential pluralism and the difference of opinions among scholars. The research sheds light on the reasons for jurisprudential differences, including different texts, diversity of Arabic grammar, different fundamentalist rules, and the influence of time and place, which contributes to creating diverse interpretations of Islamic law. The research highlights the positive impact of the jurisprudence of difference on the unity of the nation, as it promotes jurisprudential tolerance, allows diversity of solutions, and directs Muslims towards adherence to the literature of dialogue and coexistence with different opinions.The study is based on a review of modern and classical literature, showing how the jurisprudence of difference contributes to strengthening Islamic society by accepting diversity as part of a common Islamic identity, and moving away from division and conflict. The research provides recommendations on how to promote a culture of constructive difference in Islamic society, and rely on moderate contemporary references to achieve cohesion and unity among Muslims despite their jurisprudential differences.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zainab nayef Jaser https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Difference of Opinion Among Hadith Scholars in Accepting and Rejecting Prophetic Hadiths
This research explores the differing methodologies of Hadith criticism between Hadith scholars and jurists, each employing distinct criteria and conditions for accepting or rejecting Prophetic Hadith. Hadith scholars are characterized by their strictness in verifying the chains of transmission, focusing on the requirements of continuity, integrity, and the precision of narrators, while also ensuring the absence of anomalies or defects in the Hadith. In contrast, jurists emphasize the implications of the text and its alignment with reason and tradition, establishing conditions that align with jurisprudential principles such as analogy and widespread acceptance. The research also highlights the divergence between the Hanafi school and the majority in their criteria for Hadith acceptance, where the Hanafi approach is influenced by the opinion-centered environment of Iraq, while the majority adheres to the jurisprudential foundations adopted by other schools. The study aims to clarify each group’s contributions to the development of Hadith and jurisprudential sciences, highlighting the precision of Hadith scholars’ methodology in comparison to the flexibility of the jurists' approach.
Copyright (c) 2024 Bara'a Sami Zidane https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The scientific miracle in the Almighty's saying ( and his eyes became white from grief )
This study addressed the relationship between grief and its impact on physical and psychological health, focusing on the Quranic verse from Surat Yusuf: "And he turned away from them and said, "Oh, my grief for Joseph, and his eyes turned white from grief, while he was suppressing [it]" (Yusuf 84), which indicates that severe grief may lead to loss of vision. The opinions of the great interpreters are reviewed in interpreting the verse and analyzing it linguistically. The study also reviews the results of recent scientific research on the impact of severe grief on health, especially its effect on the eye. The results show that severe grief can lead to increased levels of the hormone adrenaline, which in turn leads to increased blood sugar and cataracts. The study discusses the interpretations of Muslim scholars for this phenomenon, and also sheds light on the experience of Dr. Abdul Basit Muhammad Sayyid, who was inspired by the Qur’anic verse to develop a medical drop to treat cataracts.
Copyright (c) 2023 Zainab nayef Jaser https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The reciters and the difference between the seven or ten readings
Quranic readings are one of the most important sciences of the Qur'an that preserved its recitation as it was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and led to the emergence of various schools of recitation and intonation. This research is concerned with studying the most famous readers and the history of documenting the readings, with a focus on the seven and ten readings. The research presents the diversity of the methods of the early reciters and their impact on the formation of frequent readings, and reviews how the seven readings are mainly used in recitation and intonation, while the ten readings are used for the purposes of interpretation and reflection on the meanings of the Qur'anic text.The research sheds light on the historical and cultural impact of the readings, and how they have contributed to enriching religious and jurisprudential understanding in Muslim societies. In this context, it reviews the efforts of scholars, such as Ibn al-Jazari and al-Shatibi, in documenting, codifying and validating readings, and shows the importance of readings as a means of deepening the understanding of the Qur'anic text and exploring its rhetorical and linguistic connotations. The study is based on an in-depth literature review that includes classical and modern sources, enriching the academic understanding of these readings and emphasizing the need to preserve and teach them to future generations as part of the renewed Islamic heritage.
This research discusses the concept of "intellectual invasion" and its impact on Islamic societies, viewing it as an indirect method employed by adversaries of Islam to influence Islamic identity and culture. The study defines intellectual invasion, explores its sources, objectives, and methods, such as media and educational curricula, and highlights its negative impacts, including the spread of secularism and social instability. It also proposes means to counteract it by strengthening Islamic identity and fostering unity among Muslims
Copyright (c) 2024 Diaa El-Din Hussein Khalil Al Hamirawi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
This study addresses an important issue in the field of Usul al-Fiqh (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence) related to the implication of the Sharia command. Specifically, it explores the question, “Does the Sharia command imply immediacy or not?” The researcher highlights the importance of understanding religious obligations and how this understanding impacts the lives and behavior of Muslims. A descriptive and analytical methodology was employed to present and discuss the perspectives of Usul scholars on this matter, examining their arguments to reach a conclusive opinion. The study is divided into three main sections: an introduction to define the scope of the debate, a review of the differing opinions, and finally, an analysis to support one of these opinions while elucidating the implications of this debate on jurisprudential rulings. The study concludes that an absolute command does not necessarily imply immediacy and may allow for delay, depending on contextual indicators.
Copyright (c) 2023 Yasser Al Ahdal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Parallelism of grammatical methods in Sunan Ibn Majah-The news method as a model
This research attempts to shed light on the parallelism of grammatical methods in Sunan Ibn Majah, due to its important role in the coherence and cohesion of the text. Syntactic parallelism is an important mechanism in constructing and organizing the text, and through it we can understand the nature of the text and its structural patterns. Given that the research is limited to a number of pages, we decided to take only the news styles, so that we can take a pause from the rest of the styles in another research. The study started from the concept of parallelism in language and terminology, reaching to address types of patterns of parallelism of grammatical methods; to demonstrate the importance of syntactic parallelism in constructing and cohesive the text, and we ended with a conclusion that included the most important results. The study adopted the descriptive and analytical approach in reading and interpreting the texts.
Copyright (c) 2023 Israa Ghanem Muhammad, Abdullah Khalif Khudair Al Hayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Difference in faith between Catholics and Jehovah's Witnesses- My doctrine of faith in Christ and the Holy Spirit as a model
Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the messenger, mercy on the worlds, Abu al-Qasim Muhammad (pbuh), and upon his good and pure family and his productive companions, and after. The Christian religion did not be delivered like the case of other religions, such as the Jewish religion from the hands of some of its members, so the matter of the Christian vocation after Christ (A'atem) did not take it out by excessing them and neglecting them from the essence of the divine message, to a religion in which he mixed (reality with imagination), and the Holy Book of God provided in clarifying the paragraph of what some of those associated with Christ (Alita) did about changing the doctrines and teachings, and introducing them into the religion what is not in it, the Almighty said: (The Jews said: Uzair, the son of God, and Al-Nusir said, and Christ, the son of God, this is their saying with their mouths, they understand the saying of those who disbelieved before killing them by God, that they will be det (P) They were influenced by positive doctrines far from divine doctrines, which caused a difference between the sects of the same Christian religion
Copyright (c) 2023 Wadah Ali Muhammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is a unique model for spiritual, moral, and ethical guidance. And as the final prophet of Islam, his teachings (in both the Quran and Hadith) remain a significant influence in the lives of over a billion Muslims globally. The major features of his life were described in some detail, beginning with the years he spent in Mecca, wrestling with the revelations that came to him; his migration to Medina and subsequent role as the leader of a nascent society, founded on principles of social justice; and culminating in his final sermon that enjoined unity among citizens irrespective of their tribe, race or colour. Moreover, the legacy of the Prophet in modern times provides framework for tackling pressing contemporary challenges of social Justice, diplomacy and environmental protection. The teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) are still used as guidance for everyday personal behavior and collective prosperity.
Copyright (c) 2024 Abaker Abdelbanat , Abdul Rahman Khalaf Matlab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
This paper provides an editorial reflection on the enduring relevance of the Holy Quran as a foundational text in Islam. The Quran, which is believed to be the word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, serves as a comprehensive guide for Muslims in both spiritual and worldly matters. It addresses ethical dilemmas, social justice, governance, and personal conduct, offering timeless wisdom for modern society. The paper explores the structure of the Quran, its literary and linguistic excellence, and its profound impact on Islamic civilization. Furthermore, it delves into the various interpretations of the Quran and discusses its continued relevance in addressing contemporary global issues such as social justice, environmental ethics, and interfaith dialogue.
Copyright (c) 2024 Asma Abdul-Qader Abdullah Al-Ani , Imad Abdul-Karim Saleem Al-Khasawneh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Hadith, which contains the sayings, actions and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is considered to be the second primary source of Islamic jurisprudence. This editorial discusses the main sources, collection and construction of Hadith explaining how it has a crucial bearing on interpreting Islamic law, ethics and everyday activities. The dilemmas of Hadith interpretation through the ages and its relevance to modern ethical areas such as social justice, environmental stewardship, and human rights are examined. The editorial also shows that scholarly work to conserve and interpret the Hadith for current day is ongoing. Digital delivery improves access to Hadith Databases in continuing the circle of progress related to Islamic scholarship through technology. This paper makes a case for re-engaging with Hadith to help sustain its guidance among individuals and communities.
Copyright (c) 2024 Abdul Qadir Mustafa Al -Muhammadi , Hossam Mashkhr Awad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Study of the Reasons for the Revelation of the Quran in the View of Al-Suyuti
As the science of the causes of revelation is an important science from the sciences of the Holy Qur’an and Islamic studies. Knowledge of this science is important for understanding the Qur’anic verses and is considered the best way to understand the interpretation of the Qur’anic verses, which is a kind of interpretation by tradition. There were also many suspicions about some of the narrations in Al-Suyuti’s books, which indicate and confirm the distortion of the Qur’an, and that what we have in our hands is not the same as the Qur’an revealed to the Great Prophet, may God’s prayers be upon him and his family, the martyr al-Sadr, by refuting these suspicions with definitive evidence, based on the verses of the Holy Qur’an itself and the narrations contained On the authority of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, in addition to the mental and logical evidence that contradicts these suspicions. This research aims to study the reasons for the revelation of the Noble Qur’an in Al-Suyuti’s vision through the descriptive-analytical approach. It is general and comprehensive for all similar situations, and is not limited to the specific case in which the verse is mentioned.
Copyright (c) 2024 Shaimaa Hassan Abbas Al-Junaibi, Mojtaba Ghorbaniyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Definition and description of Orientalists' studies and their views on the Imamite narrative heritage in the interpretation of the Holy Quran
The Christian religion took root in the world as a universal monotheistic religion after the Jewish religion and expanded in the whole world until Islam came. They dealt with their research in the Holy Qur’an and the personality of the greatest Messenger (PBUH) and the family of the House. Evidence documenting and proving it. Shiite scholars agree that what is meant by the guardians here are the pure and infallible imams (pbuh), and among the similarities promoted by the orientalists is the likeness of the distortion of the Noble Qur’an. It is a false fabrication that has no foundation, and the origin of the reality of the Qur’anic text is proven in the sayings of our eminent scholars, not what the orientalists claim. Sayyid al-Khoei, who is well-known among Muslims, says that distortion does not occur in the Qur’an, and that what is in our hands is the entire Qur’an revealed to the Great Prophet (PBUH), and many scholars have stated this. Among them is the chief of the hadith scholars, al-Saduq Muhammad ibn Babawayh, and he counted the saying of non-distortion as one of the beliefs of the Imamiyyah, including the sheikh of the sect, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi. What we have mentioned of some of the opinions of the Orientalists is only the tip of the iceberg of the thousands of research and writings written by malevolent fingers that try to scatter Muslims and sow discord among them.
Copyright (c) 2024 Shaimaa Hassan Abbas Al-Junaibi , Saleh Al-Mu'taz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impact of the Virtual, Classical Classroom, And Blended Learning Styles on Students’ Satisfaction in Higher Education in Iraq Quran Science DepartmentCollege of Education for Human Sciences
During the pandemic crisis of covid_19, the importance of electronic learning increased greatly and becomes necessary for the continuation of the educational process in schools and universities around the world. This study aimed to compare students' satisfaction and preferences between virtual learning, classical classroom learning, and blended learning in higher education. The authors develop the survey questionnaire and the internal consistency of the questions was tested by the Cronbach Alpha test. Data were collected from 204 students at Anbar University in Iraq College of Education for Human Sciences/ Quran department through a questionnaire-based study using Google forms. We have considered six questions of the Likert scale satisfaction questionnaire for the three learning styles. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine if there are any significant differences between the three learning styles. The main findings reflect that Virtual learning has the highest impact on students’ satisfaction among the other styles. This study will be helpful for the decision-makers of Anbar University in developing programs and policies for using E-learning resources. Therefore, this study shows that virtual learning has become prevalent and more popular among students of Anbar University. The scores for satisfaction showed that the virtual learning style expressed greater satisfaction than the classical classroom and the blended learning styles
Copyright (c) 2024 Sadir Fadhil , Abeer K. Jameel , Rana Fadhil , Ahmed Battal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An AI model for Parsing the Text of Holy Quran Sentences
The Holy Quran is of immense importance to many societies due to the position that this book holds for Muslims around the world and the religious teachings it contains. The Holy Quran employs a high-standard Arabic language, which requires analysis and simplification of expressions to enhance comprehension and application of its teachings. The digitization and combining of the Holy Quran with computing operations have made it easier to discover the vast amounts of information contained within its verses. Using these applications, academics and erudite researchers have successfully developed norms that govern the study of Qur'anic knowledge, thus expanding the illustration of the Quran. NLP is a well-known branch of study that has been the subject of research for many years. The intrinsic intricacy of this field has resulted in slower progress when compared to other areas of inquiry. Furthermore, despite having the most sophisticated syntax, structure, and verb conjugation of all-natural languages, Arabic has received comparatively little attention. As a result, there is an urgent need for study in this area to aid in the discovery of inclusive lexical knowledge. This research is concerned with the parsing of holy Quranic sentences. A neural network was used Consisting of two layers to training the token word attribute depending on the neural network input words characteristics. This research is based on a knowledge base that consists of 160 features was used, and 26 features related to the grammatical case were selected. The first group comprised an entered dataset with 128,221 rows, whereas the second group had 99.540 rows. We ran seven different experiments within each group and achieved a 96% accuracy rate. This accuracy was reached by using a training set size of 90,000 rows and a testing set size of 9,000 rows. Furthermore, we achieved 94% accuracy within the broader dataset of 128,221 rows by employing a training set size of 90,000 rows and a testing set size of 38,000 rows.
Copyright (c) 2024 haval ameen, AbdulSattar M. Khidhir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Quranic Studies Evolution: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1880 to 2023
This analysis focuses on the study of the Quran, from 1880 to 2023 using data obtained from Scopus. Made accessible through a BibTeX file on GitHub. The examination covers aspects of research trends including the number of citations per year the influence of sources notable authors and their affiliations the countries of corresponding authors the production trends in different countries over time and a network illustrating how key concepts are interconnected. By conducting an analysis several significant findings were discovered. The data demonstrated an increase in citations per year indicating a growing importance and scholarly interest in Quranic Studies. Noteworthy authors such as Rippin A and Reynolds GS as prominent affiliations like the University of Malaya and International Islamic University Malaysia made substantial contributions to this field. The distribution of corresponding authors countries highlighted Malaysias, Indonesias and Irans roles. Furthermore when examining production trends over time for countries it became evident that contributions from the United Kingdom, USA,Malaysia,Iran and Indonesia had seen growth. Additionally the interconnectedness between concepts such as natural language processing systems, computational linguistics,semantics and information retrieval were emphasized in the cooccurrence network, within Quranic Studies. This, in depth analysis provides insights into the development significant contributors and intersections of themes in the study of the Quran. It establishes a foundation for research endeavors, in this area.
Copyright (c) 2024 Akhmed K Kaleel, Amr Assad, Mohammed Fyadh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mechanisms of advocacy work in the workplace
Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and the end is for the righteous, and there is no aggression except against the wrongdoers. “And God Almighty created the jinn and mankind to be worshiped alone with no partner, and to magnify His commands and prohibitions. So my brother learned from this that among the wisdom in creating creation is to know God Almighty by His names and attributes. "And that He has power over all things. His companions after him bore the trust," and they walked on the path, calling to God Almighty, and spreading throughout the globe as preachers of the truth. Thus, it becomes clear to every seeker of knowledge that calling to God is one of the most important tasks, and that the nation is in Every time and place is in dire need of it.” Indeed, it is in dire need of it.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yacoub Youssef Ahmed Salman, Muhannad Abdel Aziz Fawaz Al-Hiti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0