A Systematic Review of Metaverse Cybersecurity: Frameworks, Challenges, and Strategic Approaches in a Quantum-Driven Era
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This study aims to perform a detailed systematic review that investigates and synthesizes the available literature on the challenges and strategies in cybersecurity in the Metaverse. The methodology employed was to ensure a comprehensive literary analysis of the study methods, employing databases such as ScienceDirect (SD), Scopus, IEEE Xplore (IEEE), and Web of Science (WoS). The search was conducted by employing a query that would yield articles published until September 2024, resulting in a total of 325 papers. After vigorous screening, deduplication, and application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 34 studies were identified for quantitative synthesis. These papers were divided into three classes: cybersecurity, AI-based security and IoT applications, and Metaverse and virtual realities. This article provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of previous studies that highlighted four fundamental challenges of cybersecurity in the Metaverse and discussed three recommendations for future improvement. A systematic science mapping analysis was conducted to synthesize the results regarding key trust issues related to security in the Metaverse. In addition, the study investigated a wide spectrum of practical applications of cybersecurity within Metaverse environments, encompassing authentication approaches, intrusion detection systems, privacy preservation frameworks, AI-based threat identification, and blockchain-enabled security proposals. Furthermore, this review explores how quantum technologies can be integrated into Metaverse cybersecurity frameworks to address advanced threat models and enhance resilience. The study also highlighted developments in cybersecurity for the Metaverse while pinpointing existing gaps, emerging threats, and directions for future research that would inform frameworks for improved security. The insights provided bear great significance for researchers, practitioners, and policy actors engaged with the Metaverse cybersecurity and applications of artificial intelligence (AI).
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