The Translatability of English Idioms into Arabic: A Comparative Study of Challenges and Pedagogical Strategies

Abstract

Proverbs and idioms constitute a core component of linguistic and cultural systems, encapsulating collective memory, social values, and culturally embedded modes of expression. Their figurative density and pragmatic orientation render their translation between languages — particularly between English and Arabic — highly complex. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of selected English idioms and proverbs and their Arabic translations, examining the extent to which linguistic structure, cultural context, and grammatical constraints shape translational choices. Grounded in contemporary translation theory, the paper foregrounds translation as a process of linguistic, cultural, and functional transfer rather than mere lexical substitution. The findings demonstrate that prioritizing dynamic functional equivalence over literal, word-for-word translation is essential for preserving intended meaning, pragmatic force, and cultural resonance. The analysis further highlights the decisive role of grammatical competence in English - Arabic translation, given Arabic’s distinct syntactic orientation and rich morphological system. In addition, the study addresses ethical considerations in translation practice and underscores the limitations of automated translation systems in handling emotive, idiomatic, and culturally nuanced expressions. Ultimately, the paper argues that successful idiom and proverb translation depends on the translator’s bicultural awareness, grammatical mastery, and interpretive sensitivity, reaffirming the irreplaceable role of human agency in literary and cultural translation.